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Abortion: Abortion Laws
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Since the start of the century, abortions were illegal in all states, with some states allowing abortion if the women’s life was endangered. During the 1960s, several states modified their restrictive laws to allow abortions in more circumstances. Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Kansas, Maryland, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, and Virginia modified their laws and allowed abortions to be performed by licensed physicians to protect the woman’s physical and mental health, in the case of fetal defect, or when the pregnancy resulted from rape or incest. Some states allowed abortions only in cases of rape or incest, and thirty-one states allowed abortion to protect the women's life only. Since abortions under any other conditions were illegal, women were still forced to seek illegal abortions. Untrained persons performed thousands of abortions each year using hasty, unsanitary and dangerous methods that resulted in the maiming, permanent damage of organs, and death of many women.
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The Supreme Court has consistently upheld laws denying governmental support for abortion. The first “Hyde amendment,†a federal limitation on the use of Medicaid funds, was enacted in 1976. It and similar state laws, all of which make exceptions for abortions to save the mother's life, continue to survive judicial scrutiny. Justice Potter Stewart's majority opinion in Harris v. McRae (1981) is typical. “Although government may not place obstacles in the path of a woman's exercise of her freedom of choice, it need not remove those not of its own creation. Indigency falls in the latter category†(p.
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Women have turned to abortion to end unwanted pregnancies throughout the ages. In the U.S., induced abortion was common among Native Americans, and it was legal from colonial times to the middle of the 19th century. But unclean, primitive medical practices made it very dangerous. To protect women’s lives, laws against abortion began to be passed during the mid-1800s. But by the middle of the 20th century, cleaner, more advanced medical procedures made safe abortion possible. All U.S. laws against abortion were overturned in 1973 by the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade.
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An Illinois pharmacist has won the first battle against Wal-Mart over whether he has to be forced to distribute the morning after pill, which can cause an abortion in limited circumstances. Beardstown pharmacist Ethan Vandersand rejected a request to fill a prescription for the drug last year. That refusal led to disciplinary action from Wal-Mart and a civil rights lawsuit from Vandersand. Vandersand was the only pharmacist on duty at the Wal-Mart store when a Planned Parenthood staff member seeking the Plan B drugs presented the script. The staffer eventually went to another pharmacy in town.
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A more progressive opinion regarding abortion began to develop in the United States, and in 1970, many states liberalized their abortion laws, including Hawaii, New York, Alaska, and Washington. Hawaii became the first state to abolish laws making abortion a criminal act. New York ... enacted the most liberal abortion law of the time, which permitted abortion through the 24th week of pregnancy when licensed physicians performed the procedure. Slowly, the general opinion of people and medical professionals, shifted to the idea that the decision to have or not to have an abortion solely involved the pregnant woman and her doctor.
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[I]n the wizarding world there is a different method of abortion that, quite frankly, saves the mother time to be able to perform other important daily tasks. After the initial pregnancy test spell is completed, "fetus primordie", then the abortion spell can be used. A quick flick of the wrists and point towards the unborn child while saying the magical phrase "fetus expulsiae" is all it takes to get rid of that embarrassing reminder of spring break in Tijuana. The fetus shoots out of the uterus at a velocity of 88 mph. Unsurprisingly the spell has been abused in recent years on unsuspecting muggles as a new sport. However, new laws are in place to regulate it to special arenas.
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Abortion Laws