LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Abbasid Caliphate: Seljuk Turks
built 817 days ago
Military Slave System: The association of Turks and military slavery reaches back to the Abbasid Caliphate, when it was the Turks who were the military slaves. Purchased or captured near Transoxania, the slaves were organized into military units. They eventually reached tens of thousands of armed slaves in the Caliph's service. Other Islamic monarchs and governors ... enrolled slaves in their armies.
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Seljuk Turks under the command of their sultan Tughril Beg enter Baghdad in December to liberate the Abbasid caliphate from Shiite captivity. Tughril Beg quickly gains dominion over most of Mesopotamia, restores Sunni power, and makes himself temporal master of the caliph Al-Qaim, who commissions him to overthrow the Shiite Fatimid caliph Abu al-Mustansir at Cairo and restore religious and political unity to the Islamic world (but see 1056)
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In the 9th century, the Abbasids created an army loyal only to their caliphate, drawn mostly from Turkish slaves, known as Mamluks, with some Slavs and Berbers participating as well. This force, created in the reign of al-Ma'mun (813 – 833), and his brother and successor al-Mu'tasim (833 – 842), prevented the further distintegration of the empire.
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Three successive caliphates ruled the Islamic empire: the Patriarchal (632–661), the Umayyad (661–750), and the 'Abbasid (750–1258). In 1258 the Ottoman Turks invaded and sacked Baghdad, the capital, and murdered the caliph... ending Islamic rule in the eastern section of the empire.
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Seljuk Turks