LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Abbasid Caliphate: Capital
built 438 days ago
The rebels were led by the Abbasid family, descendants of the Prophet's uncle Abbas. From about 718 the Abbasids had plotted to take the caliphate, sending agents into various parts of the Muslim empire to spread propaganda against the Umayyads. By 747 they had secured enough support to organize a rebellion in northern Iran that led to the defeat of the Umayyad caliphate three years later. The Abbasids executed most of the Umayyad family, moved the capital of the empire to Baghdad, and assimilated much of the pomp and ceremony of the former Persian monarchy into their own courts.
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The city was founded in 762 by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur, replacing Damascus as the capital of a Muslim empire stretching from North Africa to Persia. Within a generation of its founding, Baghdad become a leading centre of learning and commerce. Some sources suggest that it contained over a million inhabitants, though the actual figure may have been a fraction of this. Many of the tales in the Thousand and One Nights are set in the Baghdad of this period - dubbed the "City of Peace" by Scheherazade - and feature its most celebrated ruler, the Caliph Haroun al-Raschid.
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Baghdad was the capital of the most important Abbasid Caliphate. The fabulous city of the Caliph Haroun al-Rashid. The city of Mutanabbi, and other poets. The city of the House of Translators. Madinat al-salam, the City of Peace, for 500 years, from 762 A.D. , when it was founded, until 1258, when it was conquered and much of it destroyed by the Mongols under Hulegu, it was the most important city in the entire dar al-Islam. And in Muslim memory and Muslim mythology – they are usually the same thing – it remains the most important city even if stripped of all the glories of that fabled – in every sense – past.
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Building large new cities was the major architectural activity of the Abbasid caliphs. In terms of Function, these cities were logical successors to the garrison cities that the Umayyad had built in newly conquered regions. In terms of architecture... these new cities were the continuation of a long Mesopotamian and Iranian tradition of rulers building administrative capitals
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In the year 261/874 Nasr ibn Ahmad ibn Asad was appointed ruler of Transoxania by al - Mutamid, the Abbasid caliph. Nasr established Samarqand as his capital and sent his brother Ismail to Bokhara as
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