LYCOS RETRIEVER 
1861: Confederate States
built 183 days ago
By the summer of 1861, Britain and France had pledged their neutrality in the conflict. Such a pledge was a weak endorsement of the Union at best. While Queen Victoria of England and Emperor Napoleon III of France recognized the southern states as belligerents, this did not prevent the Confederacy from attempting to court the European powers for aid and potential alliances. By the Confederate logic, an old-world monarchy would be pleased to see the emerging system of democracy undermined. Further, an aristocracy tends to sympathize with an aristocracy. Additionally, the European nations were dependent on the southern states for their cotton supply.
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This map shows the boundaries of Holmes County in 1861. Every tract of land which had been patented by the Federal Government by 1861 is show in a dark color. Adjoining tracts owned by different people are shown in different colors. The names of the owners are listed below the map with the patent dates. By 1861 some of the identified tracts had been sold, given to children, or inherited. But no other land had been purchased from the Federal Government. By 1861 some of the land in Holmes County had been granted to the State of Florida for various uses.
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February 18, 1861: After being welcomed to Montgomery with great fanfare, Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as president of the Confederate States of America on the portico of the Alabama capitol. Davis, a former U.S. senator from Mississippi, lived in Montgomery until April, when the Confederate government was moved from Montgomery to its new capital of Richmond, Virginia.
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In 1861, the Virginia State Convention passed an ordinance establishing a design virtually identical to that in current use. This flag has a deep blue field with a circular white center. The obverse of the great seal of the Commonwealth has been identically painted or embroidered on each side of the flag. A white silk fringe adorns the edge farthest from the flag staff.
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Before 1861, Italy consisted of a large number of small states. It was unified in 1861 by Vittorio Emanuele, the king of Savoy. This explains why the flag of Savoy appears on Italian coins, causing confusion with the same flag on Swiss coins.
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January 4, 1861: A full week before Alabama secedes from the Union, Gov. A. B. Moore orders the seizure of federal military installations within the state. By the end of the next day Alabama troops controlled Fort Gaines, Fort Morgan, and the U.S. Arsenal at Mount Vernon.
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