Hunger (Sult) is a novel by the Norwegian author Knut Hamsun and was published in its final form in 1890. Parts of it had been published anonymously in the Danish magazine Ny Jord in 1888. The novel is hailed as the literary opening of the 20th century and an outstanding example of a modern, psychology-driven literature. It hails the irrationality of the human mind in an intriguing novel and sometimes humorous tone. It has been translated into English three times, in 1899 by Mary Chavelita Dunne (under the alias George Egerton), a second time by Robert Bly in 1967, and a third time by Sverre Lyngstad. This final translation is seen as the definitive one.