The recent decline of radical Basque nationalism has been accentuated at both the military and political levels. ETA has not killed anyone since May 2003 and its leaders have been arrested repeatedly in coordinated operations of the Spanish and French police and security forces. Long gone are the days when the French authorities refused to extradite ETA members on the ground that ETA was an internal Spanish problem. In fact, it is the cooperation in the areas of justice and home affairs at European Union level that has contributed to pistols remaining silent for over 1,000 days.