Benito Mussolini (July 29, 1883 - April 28, 1945) was the dictator of Italy from 1922 until 1943. He began his own political movement, known as Fascism, in 1914. Mussolini wanted to revive the might of ancient Rome in the modern world. The Fascist Party proclaimed the absolute authority of the nation over everything else. It held nationalism, militarism, physical fitness and anti-liberalism in high esteem. Mussolini's slogan "to believe, to obey, to combat" symbolized the all-powerful dictatorship that defines a fascist state.